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The Army That Came to Hebron

23 These are the numbers of the heads of those who were armed for war, who came to David to Hebron to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to Yahweh’s word. 24 The children of Judah who bore shield and spear were six thousand eight hundred, armed for war. 25 Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valor for the war: seven thousand one hundred. 26 Of the children of Levi: four thousand six hundred. 27 Jehoiada was the leader of the household of Aaron; and with him were three thousand seven hundred, 28 and Zadok, a young man mighty of valor, and of his father’s house twenty-two captains. 29 Of the children of Benjamin, Saul’s relatives: three thousand, for until then, the greatest part of them had kept their allegiance to Saul’s house. 30 Of the children of Ephraim: twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, famous men in their fathers’ houses. 31 Of the half-tribe of Manasseh: eighteen thousand, who were mentioned by name, to come and make David king. 32 Of the children of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, their heads were two hundred; and all their brothers were at their command. 33 Of Zebulun, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array with all kinds of instruments of war: fifty thousand who could command and were not of double heart. 34 Of Naphtali: one thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty-seven thousand. 35 Of the Danites who could set the battle in array: twenty-eight thousand six hundred. 36 Of Asher, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array: forty thousand. 37 On the other side of the Jordan, of the Reubenites, the Gadites, and of the half-tribe of Manasseh, with all kinds of instruments of war for the battle: one hundred twenty thousand. 38 All these were men of war who could order the battle array, and came with a perfect heart to Hebron to make David king over all Israel; and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king. 39 They were there with David three days, eating and drinking; for their brothers had supplied provisions for them. 40 Moreover those who were near to them, as far as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, brought bread on donkeys, on camels, on mules, and on oxen: supplies of flour, cakes of figs, clusters of raisins, wine, oil, cattle, and sheep in abundance; for there was joy in Israel.
1 Chronicles 12:23-40 · WEB

The muster is measured by singleness of heart rather than by size, and it ends in three days of eating.

The chapter closes with a tribal census of the men who came to make David king, and the totals repay reading against each other.

Judah, David's own tribe and the place he was already reigning, sends six thousand eight hundred 1 Chronicles 12:24. Zebulun sends fifty thousand 1 Chronicles 12:33. The tribes beyond the Jordan send a hundred and twenty thousand 1 Chronicles 12:37. The support is smallest where the king is best known and largest at the far edges of the country.

Every tribe appears. Zebulun and Dan, who had almost no place in the genealogies, are both mustered here in strength 1 Chronicles 12:33–35. Whatever became of their records, the writer does not treat them as absent from Israel.

Benjamin's number is three thousand, and the reason is given rather than hidden: until then the greatest part of them had kept their allegiance to Saul's house 1 Chronicles 12:29. A tribe that was slow to come is recorded as slow to come.

One entry is not a military figure at all. Issachar contributes two hundred heads, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do 1 Chronicles 12:32. In a list that counts shields by the ten thousand, the smallest contingent is counted for judgment.

And the phrases that recur are not about numbers. Zebulun's men were not of double heart. They all came with a perfect heart to make David king, and the rest of Israel were of one heart to do it 1 Chronicles 12:33 1 Chronicles 12:38. Three times in six verses the measure applied to an army is undividedness.

Then the muster becomes a meal. They stay three days eating and drinking, supplied by their own relatives; neighbors as far off as Naphtali bring flour, figs, raisins, wine, oil, cattle and sheep on donkeys, camels, mules and oxen 1 Chronicles 12:39–40.

The scene ends on four words that explain the inventory: for there was joy in Israel. A gathering assembled for war is described at its close as a feast, and the writer's last note on the making of the king is not about power.

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