Jehoram, and a Letter from Elijah
1 Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in David’s city; and Jehoram his son reigned in his place. 2 He had brothers, the sons of Jehoshaphat: Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariah, Michael, and Shephatiah. All these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel. 3 Their father gave them great gifts of silver, of gold, and of precious things, with fortified cities in Judah; but he gave the kingdom to Jehoram, because he was the firstborn. 4 Now when Jehoram had risen up over the kingdom of his father, and had strengthened himself, he killed all his brothers with the sword, and also some of the princes of Israel. 5 Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem. 6 He walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did Ahab’s house, for he had Ahab’s daughter as his wife. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight. 7 However Yahweh would not destroy David’s house, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a lamp to him and to his children always. 8 In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves. 9 Then Jehoram went there with his captains and all his chariots with him. He rose up by night and struck the Edomites who surrounded him, along with the captains of the chariots. 10 So Edom has been in revolt from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time from under his hand, because he had forsaken Yahweh, the God of his fathers. 11 Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and made the inhabitants of Jerusalem play the prostitute, and led Judah astray. 12 A letter came to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, “Yahweh, the God of David your father, says, ‘Because you have not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat your father, nor in the ways of Asa king of Judah, 13 but have walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and have made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to play the prostitute like Ahab’s house did, and also have slain your brothers of your father’s house, who were better than yourself, 14 behold, Yahweh will strike your people with a great plague, including your children, your wives, and all your possessions; 15 and you will have great sickness with a disease of your bowels, until your bowels fall out by reason of the sickness, day by day.’” 16 Yahweh stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who are beside the Ethiopians; 17 and they came up against Judah, broke into it, and carried away all the possessions that were found in the king’s house, including his sons and his wives, so that there was no son left to him except Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons. 18 After all this Yahweh struck him in his bowels with an incurable disease. 19 In process of time, at the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness, and he died of severe diseases. His people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers. 20 He was thirty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years. He departed with no one’s regret. They buried him in David’s city, but not in the tombs of the kings.
A king murders his brothers and rules eight years, and the promise to David is the only reason the house survives him.
The first act of the reign is fratricide. Six brothers are named in one verse, provided for by their father in the next, and killed in the fourth 2 Chronicles 21:2–4. Their father had given them treasure and fortified cities and had given the kingdom to the eldest; the eldest killed them anyway.
The explanation offered is a marriage. He walked in the way of the northern kings for he had Ahab's daughter as his wife 2 Chronicles 21:6 — which is where Jehoshaphat's alliance actually led. A partnership entered for security reasons two chapters ago has produced a queen in Jerusalem and, through her, the policies of the house she came from.
Then the verse that holds this stretch of the book together. However Yahweh would not destroy David's house, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a lamp to him and to his children always 2 Chronicles 21:7.
The figure is a lamp, which is exactly right for what the next chapters describe. Not a fire, not a throne in glory — a small light kept from going out. The promise of the previous volume 1 Chronicles 17:14 is doing its work at the reign where the line most deserved to end, and this is the point at which the distinction made at the dedication becomes visible: the dynasty is guaranteed and the individual king is not 2 Chronicles 7:17–20.
The losses come in order. Edom revolts and stays independent; a border town revolts because he had forsaken Yahweh 2 Chronicles 21:10. And he builds high places in the hills and led Judah astray 2 Chronicles 21:11.
The letter is the strangest thing in the book. It comes from Elijah, a prophet of the northern kingdom who appears nowhere else in either volume, and it arrives in writing 2 Chronicles 21:12. No visit, no confrontation at a gate — a document delivered to a king in another country.
Its charges are specific and the sharpest is not the idolatry. He killed his brothers, who were better than yourself 2 Chronicles 21:13. The comparison is the point. He removed men who would have ruled better, and the crime named is the murder rather than the usurpation.
The sentence announced is domestic before it is political: his people, then your children, your wives, and all your possessions, then his own body 2 Chronicles 21:14–15. And it is carried out in that order — a raid strips the palace and carries off his sons and wives, leaving one, and then the disease 2 Chronicles 21:17–18.
The obituary is four words long and there is nothing crueller in Scripture: he departed with no one's regret 2 Chronicles 21:20. No fire was made for him and he was not buried in the royal tombs. A man who removed six better men reigned eight years and was missed by nobody.
settled What this mark means