Manasseh in Chains, and Afterward
1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. 2 He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, after the abominations of the nations whom Yahweh cast out before the children of Israel. 3 For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he raised up altars for the Baals, made Asheroth, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served them. 4 He built altars in Yahweh’s house, of which Yahweh said, “My name shall be in Jerusalem forever.” 5 He built altars for all the army of the sky in the two courts of Yahweh’s house. 6 He also made his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom. He practiced sorcery, divination, and witchcraft, and dealt with those who had familiar spirits and with wizards. He did much evil in Yahweh’s sight, to provoke him to anger. 7 He set the engraved image of the idol, which he had made, in God’s house, of which God said to David and to Solomon his son, “In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my name forever. 8 I will not any more remove the foot of Israel from off the land which I have appointed for your fathers, if only they will observe to do all that I have commanded them, even all the law, the statutes, and the ordinances given by Moses.” 9 Manasseh seduced Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that they did more evil than did the nations whom Yahweh destroyed before the children of Israel. 10 Yahweh spoke to Manasseh and to his people, but they didn’t listen. 11 Therefore Yahweh brought on them the captains of the army of the king of Assyria, who took Manasseh in chains, bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. 12 When he was in distress, he begged Yahweh his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers. 13 He prayed to him; and he was entreated by him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that Yahweh was God. 14 Now after this, he built an outer wall to David’s city on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entrance at the fish gate. He encircled Ophel with it, and raised it up to a very great height; and he put valiant captains in all the fortified cities of Judah. 15 He took away the foreign gods and the idol out of Yahweh’s house, and all the altars that he had built in the mountain of Yahweh’s house and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city. 16 He built up Yahweh’s altar, and offered sacrifices of peace offerings and of thanksgiving on it, and commanded Judah to serve Yahweh, the God of Israel. 17 Nevertheless the people still sacrificed in the high places, but only to Yahweh their God. 18 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer to his God, and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of Yahweh, the God of Israel, behold, they are written among the acts of the kings of Israel. 19 His prayer also, and how God listened to his request, and all his sin and his trespass, and the places in which he built high places and set up the Asherah poles and the engraved images before he humbled himself: behold, they are written in the history of Hozai. 20 So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house; and Amon his son reigned in his place.
The worst king in the line is taken to Babylon in fetters and comes back forgiven, which is the dedication promise proved on its hardest case.
Fifty-five years, the longest reign in Judah's history, and the first nine verses are an inventory of reversal. Everything his father demolished he rebuilds; altars for the host of heaven go up in both temple courts; children pass through the fire; sorcery, divination and mediums are practiced 2 Chronicles 33:3–6.
And an image is set inside the house — the house of which God had said in this house, and in Jerusalem... I will put my name forever 2 Chronicles 33:7. The writer quotes the promise at the moment of its violation, and adds the condition that had always accompanied it 2 Chronicles 33:8.
The verdict is the worst available: under him Judah did more evil than did the nations whom Yahweh destroyed 2 Chronicles 33:9. Not as bad as the peoples driven out of the land. Worse.
The warnings come and are ignored 2 Chronicles 33:10, and then the Assyrians take him in chains, bind him with fetters, and carry him to Babylon 2 Chronicles 33:11. The detail is not decorative; the most powerful king Judah ever had is removed from his own country as a prisoner.
What happens there is the reason this chapter exists. When he was in distress, he begged Yahweh his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers 2 Chronicles 33:12.
Read against the promise made at the dedication, every verb matches. Humbling, praying, seeking, turning 2 Chronicles 7:14 — and the response follows the promise clause by clause: God was entreated by him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom 2 Chronicles 33:13.
That is the formula tested on the hardest case available. If it holds for the man who filled the temple courts with altars and burned his own children, the qualification if my people has no floor beneath it. The first readers of this book had themselves been carried to Babylon and brought back, and they are shown a predecessor who made that journey in both directions.
The sentence that closes the account of it is the plainest in the chapter: then Manasseh knew that Yahweh was God. Fifty years of religion of every kind, and the knowing arrives in a foreign prison.
What he does on his return is the test of the repentance, and it is thorough. He fortifies the city, removes the foreign gods and the image from the house, clears the altars he had built and cast them out of the city, rebuilds the altar of Yahweh, and orders Judah to serve him 2 Chronicles 33:15–16.
But the book will not let the restoration be complete. Nevertheless the people still sacrificed in the high places, but only to Yahweh their God 2 Chronicles 33:17. Half a correction — the object of worship fixed, the place still wrong. A man can undo his own idolatry and find that the habits he taught a nation for fifty years outlast his repentance.
settled What this mark means