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The Two Eagles and the Tender Twig

1 Yahweh’s word came to me, saying, 2 “Son of man, tell a riddle, and speak a parable to the house of Israel; 3 and say, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “A great eagle with great wings and long feathers, full of feathers which had various colors, came to Lebanon and took the top of the cedar. 4 He cropped off the topmost of its young twigs, and carried it to a land of traffic. He planted it in a city of merchants. 5 “‘“He also took some of the seed of the land and planted it in fruitful soil. He placed it beside many waters. He set it as a willow tree. 6 It grew and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and its roots were under him. So it became a vine, produced branches, and shot out sprigs. 7 “‘“There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers. Behold, this vine bent its roots toward him, and shot out its branches toward him, from the ground where it was planted, that he might water it. 8 It was planted in a good soil by many waters, that it might produce branches and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a good vine.”’ 9 “Say, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Will it prosper? Won’t he pull up its roots and cut off its fruit, that it may wither, that all its fresh springing leaves may wither? It can’t be raised from its roots by a strong arm or many people. 10 Yes, behold, being planted, will it prosper? Won’t it utterly wither when the east wind touches it? It will wither in the ground where it grew.”’” 11 Moreover Yahweh’s word came to me, saying, 12 “Say now to the rebellious house, ‘Don’t you know what these things mean?’ Tell them, ‘Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and took its king, and its princes, and brought them to him to Babylon. 13 He took one of the royal offspring, and made a covenant with him. He also brought him under an oath, and took away the mighty of the land, 14 that the kingdom might be brought low, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping his covenant it might stand. 15 But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and many people. Will he prosper? Will he who does such things escape? Will he break the covenant, and still escape? 16 “‘As I live,’ says the Lord Yahweh, ‘surely in the place where the king dwells who made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he broke, even with him in the middle of Babylon he will die. 17 Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company won’t help him in the war, when they cast up mounds and build forts to cut off many persons. 18 For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things. He won’t escape. 19 “Therefore the Lord Yahweh says: ‘As I live, I will surely bring on his own head my oath that he has despised and my covenant that he has broken. 20 I will spread my net on him, and he will be taken in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon, and will enter into judgment with him there for his trespass that he has trespassed against me. 21 All his fugitives in all his bands will fall by the sword, and those who remain will be scattered toward every wind. Then you will know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it.’ 22 “The Lord Yahweh says: ‘I will also take some of the lofty top of the cedar, and will plant it. I will crop off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain. 23 I will plant it in the mountain of the height of Israel; and it will produce boughs, and bear fruit, and be a good cedar. Birds of every kind will dwell in the shade of its branches. 24 All the trees of the field will know that I, Yahweh, have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree flourish. “‘I, Yahweh, have spoken and have done it.’”
Ezekiel 17:1-24 · WEB

A riddle about eagles and vines turns out to be a treason trial, and the oath Zedekiah broke was sworn to a pagan king and still counted.

The parable is set as a riddle, and its pieces are decoded in the same chapter. A great eagle comes to Lebanon, crops the top of a cedar and carries it to a city of merchants. It takes seed of the land and plants it as a willow by many waters, where it grows into a low, spreading vine. Then a second eagle appears, and the vine bends its roots toward it.

The interpretation is supplied without ceremony. The first eagle is the king of Babylon, who took the king and princes of Jerusalem to his own city and set up a member of the royal family in their place under oath. The vine was deliberately planted low — that is the point of the description — so that it might stand rather than be uprooted. The second eagle is Egypt, and the bending of the roots is Zedekiah's revolt.

What makes the chapter unusual is the ground of the condemnation. It is not idolatry, and it is not even the folly of trusting Egypt, though that is mentioned. It is a broken oath: he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant. The oath had been sworn to Nebuchadnezzar, a pagan king, in a treaty imposed by force. And God calls it my covenant that he has broken, because it had been sworn in his name. A promise made under duress to an enemy is treated as binding, and its violation is treated as a sin against God rather than merely against Babylon. Few passages state the seriousness of a sworn word so plainly.

And then the chapter takes its own imagery back and does something else with it. God says that he will take a tender twig from the top of the cedar and plant it himself — not on a plain by a canal, but on a high and lofty mountain, where it will become a good cedar bearing fruit, with birds of every kind in its shade. The first eagle transplanted a shoot to make it manageable. The last planting is done by God, on a height, and it grows into shelter for every kind of bird. The closing line explains the whole method: he brings down the high tree, exalts the low tree, dries the green tree and makes the dry tree flourish.

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