Moab at Ease From His Youth
1 Of Moab. Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Woe to Nebo! For it is laid waste. Kiriathaim is disappointed. It is taken. Misgab is put to shame and broken down. 2 The praise of Moab is no more. In Heshbon they have devised evil against her: ‘Come! Let’s cut her off from being a nation.’ You also, Madmen, will be brought to silence. The sword will pursue you. 3 The sound of a cry from Horonaim, desolation and great destruction! 4 Moab is destroyed. Her little ones have caused a cry to be heard. 5 For they will go up by the ascent of Luhith with continual weeping. For at the descent of Horonaim they have heard the distress of the cry of destruction. 6 Flee! Save your lives! Be like the juniper bush in the wilderness. 7 For, because you have trusted in your works and in your treasures, you also will be taken. Chemosh will go out into captivity, his priests and his princes together. 8 The destroyer will come on every city, and no city will escape; the valley also will perish, and the plain will be destroyed, as Yahweh has spoken. 9 Give wings to Moab, that she may fly and get herself away: and her cities will become a desolation, without anyone to dwell in them. 10 “Cursed is he who does the work of Yahweh negligently; and cursed is he who keeps back his sword from blood. 11 “Moab has been at ease from his youth, and he has settled on his dregs, and has not been emptied from vessel to vessel, neither has he gone into captivity; therefore his taste remains in him, and his scent is not changed. 12 Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will send to him those who pour off, and they will pour him off; and they will empty his vessels, and break their containers in pieces. 13 Moab will be ashamed of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was ashamed of Bethel, their confidence. 14 “How do you say, ‘We are mighty men, and valiant men for the war’? 15 Moab is laid waste, and they have gone up into his cities, and his chosen young men have gone down to the slaughter,” says the King, whose name is Yahweh of Armies. 16 “The calamity of Moab is near to come, and his affliction hurries fast. 17 All you who are around him, bemoan him; and all you who know his name, say, ‘How the strong staff is broken, the beautiful rod!’ 18 “You daughter who dwells in Dibon, come down from your glory, and sit in thirst; for the destroyer of Moab has come up against you. He has destroyed your strongholds. 19 Inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way and watch. Ask him who flees, and her who escapes; say, ‘What has been done?’ 20 Moab is disappointed; for it is broken down. Wail and cry! Tell it by the Arnon, that Moab is laid waste. 21 Judgment has come on the plain country— on Holon, on Jahzah, on Mephaath, 22 on Dibon, on Nebo, on Beth Diblathaim, 23 on Kiriathaim, on Beth Gamul, on Beth Meon, 24 on Kerioth, on Bozrah, and on all the cities of the land of Moab, far or near. 25 The horn of Moab is cut off, and his arm is broken,” says Yahweh.
Moab's problem is diagnosed as a history without disturbance, in an image drawn from wine left to stand too long on its own sediment.
The oracle opens as a gazetteer of ruin, naming town after town: Nebo, Kiriathaim, Heshbon, Horonaim, Dibon, Aroer. The effect of the list is the point. Moab was a small country of many towns, and the roll call leaves nowhere out: the destroyer will come on every city, and no city will escape. Among the fugitives goes the national god. The picture is deliberate: Chemosh will go out into captivity, his priests and his princes together. A deity is deported with his own clergy, as freight.
The charge underneath it is stated plainly: because you have trusted in your works and in your treasures. It is the charge laid against Judah, with the objects changed. Moab had no temple slogan. It had a good economy and solid workmanship, and it rested on them exactly as Jerusalem rested on its building.
Then the image that makes this oracle worth its length. Moab has been at ease from his youth; he has settled on his dregs and has not been emptied from vessel to vessel, neither has he gone into captivity; therefore his taste remains in him, and his scent is not changed. Wine left standing on its sediment keeps its character. In a winemaking country everyone knew that racking — pouring the wine off its lees into a fresh jar — is what improves it. Moab had never been poured. No deportation, no upheaval, nothing to unsettle it in four hundred years. The result is a nation that tastes exactly as it always did. Undisturbed history is named as the reason for an unchanged character, which is a serious thing to say about prosperity.
And the sentence follows the image. God will send men who pour off, and they will empty the vessels and break the jars. The comparison drawn afterward is one Israel could not object to. Moab will be ashamed of Chemosh as the house of Israel was ashamed of Bethel, their confidence. Both nations trusted something that could not stand, and the oracle puts the shrine of the northern kingdom in the same sentence as a pagan god without softening it.
settled What this mark means