Five Kings Against Gibeon
1 Now when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them, 2 they were very afraid, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty. 3 Therefore Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying, 4 “Come up to me and help me. Let’s strike Gibeon; for they have made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.” 5 Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together and went up, they and all their armies, and encamped against Gibeon, and made war against it. 6 The men of Gibeon sent to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, saying, “Don’t abandon your servants! Come up to us quickly and save us! Help us; for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the hill country have gathered together against us.” 7 So Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and the whole army with him, including all the mighty men of valor. 8 Yahweh said to Joshua, “Don’t fear them, for I have delivered them into your hands. Not a man of them will stand before you.” 9 Joshua therefore came to them suddenly. He marched from Gilgal all night. 10 Yahweh confused them before Israel. He killed them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth Horon, and struck them to Azekah and to Makkedah. 11 As they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth Horon, Yahweh hurled down great stones from the sky on them to Azekah, and they died. There were more who died from the hailstones than those whom the children of Israel killed with the sword. 12 Then Joshua spoke to Yahweh in the day when Yahweh delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel. He said in the sight of Israel, “Sun, stand still on Gibeon! You, moon, stop in the valley of Aijalon!” 13 The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn’t this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the middle of the sky, and didn’t hurry to go down about a whole day. 14 There was no day like that before it or after it, that Yahweh listened to the voice of a man; for Yahweh fought for Israel. 15 Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to the camp to Gilgal.
Israel's first great field battle is fought to honor a covenant it was tricked into — and heaven joins in with hail and an unrepeatable day.
3 Therefore Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying, 4 “Come up to me and help me. Let’s strike Gibeon; for they have made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.”
The coalition's first target is not Israel but the defector. Gibeon's treaty has cracked the land's united front — a great city, as one of the royal cities Joshua 10:2 gone over without a fight — and five Amorite kings move to make an example of it. The appeal for help goes to Gilgal: don't abandon your servants! Come up to us quickly and save us! Joshua 10:6.
So Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and the whole army with him, including all the mighty men of valor.
Israel's response is the chapter's quiet marvel. The covenant that binds them to Gibeon was obtained by fraud Joshua 9:14–15; here it is honored at the cost of a forced night march and a battle against five armies — the sworn word kept even when it hurts Psalms 15:4, in the field. And the fraudulent treaty becomes the providential door: the five kings' coalition assembles itself into the open, where it can be broken in one day, instead of waiting behind five sets of walls.
Yahweh confused them before Israel. He killed them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth Horon, and struck them to Azekah and to Makkedah.
The all-night march from Gilgal delivers the attack at dawn, and the rout runs down the Beth Horon pass. Then heaven joins the pursuit: Yahweh hurled down great stones from the sky on them... There were more who died from the hailstones than those whom the children of Israel killed with the sword Joshua 10:11 — the arithmetic stated so that the day's credit cannot be misassigned, hail that finds Amorites in a fleeing mixed column and not Israelites.
Then Joshua spoke to Yahweh in the day when Yahweh delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel. He said in the sight of Israel, “Sun, stand still on Gibeon! You, moon, stop in the valley of Aijalon!”
Joshua's prayer is a battlefield demand for time — spoken in the sight of Israel, out loud, with everything staked on the answer. And the text reports the answer at the same altitude as the request: the sun stayed in the middle of the sky, and didn't hurry to go down about a whole day Joshua 10:13, with the book of Jashar cited for the poem. What kind of event answered him the text does not say, and it forecloses the question's importance with its own summary: there was no day like that before it or after it, that Yahweh listened to the voice of a man; for Yahweh fought for Israel Joshua 10:14. The unrepeatable thing about the long day, by the verse's own accent, is not the sky. It is the listening — a man asked for the impossible in front of the army, and God did it.
held with reason What this mark means