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The Roman Empire

Luke 2:1 · a decree from Caesar Augustus

    The Roman EmpireAt the end of the first century AD. The frontier drawn is the one of about AD 100: the Rhine and the Danube, the upper Euphrates, and the edge of the Syrian and Libyan deserts. Dacia, Arabia and Mesopotamia lie outside it because Trajan had not yet taken them, and the Nabataean kingdom around Petra was still a client state. The frame is cut above the northern frontier of Britannia and above the upper Nile, so both run off the plate: the empire went on, and a frame that held all of it would leave the Mediterranean world too small to letter. Provinces are named and not bounded - their borders moved often and are not the subject here - except Iudaea, which is drawn in its own color. Provincial names are given in Latin and cities in the form the period used, so Jerusalem is Ierusalem and Constantinople is still Byzantium. The battles are turning points in the expansion rather than a complete list, and are marked with a saltire in neutral ink, since a battle belongs to both sides. RHENVS TIGRIS EVPHRATES BRITANNIA GERMANIA INFERIOR LUGDUNENSIS AQUITANIA TARRACONENSIS LUSITANIA MAURETANIA CAESARIENSIS NUMIDIA AFRICA CYRENAICA AEGYPTUS ITALIA SICILIA SARDINIA CORSICA NORICUM PANNONIA DALMATIA THRACIA ACHAIA CRETA ASIA BITHYNIA GALATIA CAPPADOCIA CILICIA LYCIA CYPRUS SYRIA IUDAEA MARE INTERNVM OCEANVS ATLANTICVS PONTVS EVXINVS Roma Alexandria Antiochia Ephesus Carthago Athenae Tarsus Ierusalem Damascus Mediolanum Lugdunum Massilia Tarraco Corduba Londinium Colonia Agrippina Aquileia Thessalonica Caesarea Cyrene Syracusae Ravenna Brundisium Narbo Emerita Augusta Gades Augusta Treverorum Mogontiacum Carnuntum Aquincum Singidunum Salona Naissus Eboracum Nicomedia Ancyra Palmyra Berytus Tyrus Memphis Paphos Leptis Magna Cirta Caesarea Mauretaniae Tingis Ierusalem AD 70 The EmpireIudaeaGreat cityOther cityBattleProvinces named, not bounded 1000100200300400MILES

    The Roman Empire

    At the end of the first century AD

    The frontier drawn is the one of about AD 100: the Rhine and the Danube, the upper Euphrates, and the edge of the Syrian and Libyan deserts. Dacia, Arabia and Mesopotamia lie outside it because Trajan had not yet taken them, and the Nabataean kingdom around Petra was still a client state. The frame is cut above the northern frontier of Britannia and above the upper Nile, so both run off the plate: the empire went on, and a frame that held all of it would leave the Mediterranean world too small to letter. Provinces are named and not bounded - their borders moved often and are not the subject here - except Iudaea, which is drawn in its own color. Provincial names are given in Latin and cities in the form the period used, so Jerusalem is Ierusalem and Constantinople is still Byzantium. The battles are turning points in the expansion rather than a complete list, and are marked with a saltire in neutral ink, since a battle belongs to both sides.

    How these maps are made